Oil pump



Max-ch18, 1947. v A, FEROY I 2,417,474

OIL PUMP W v Filed Aug. 26, 1944 s Sheets-Sheet 1 d 4 I FQq-l- 3 2L 5 2/ 40 Al. 42

March 18, 1947. I A. FEROY 2,417,474

OIL PUMP Filed Aug. 26, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 mlvmmn-wnw rim BY: 636; S- W March 18, 1947. A. FEROY 2,417,474

OIL PUMP Filed Aug. 26, 1944 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVEWTOR-MIVE FEROY PM W.

R TTORNE Y a Patented 18, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Arne Feroy, New York, N. Y. Application August 26, 1944, Serial No. 551,2

13 Claims.

' lower cost-a system adaptable .to handle either fuel oil or gasoline; an oil pump adaptable for use either as a fuel injection pump or as a force-feed lubricator; a fuel injection pump operable with a single plunger to serve one or several or all the cylinders of the engine; an'oil pump whose reciprocating parts are light in weight for low inertia at high speed; a fuel injection pump whose single moving plunger can both meter the fuel and distribute it to the several cylinders; a fuel injection system for a multicylinder engine with only a single lapped or close fitting pair of parts, easily replaceable, not even requiring any extreme precision or high cost in the single pair; an oil pump plunger and barrel in which the fit of the plunger in the barrel is not subject to high pump pressure but to supply pressure only; an oil pump in which the leakofl' from the pump plunger returns at once to the supply; a fuel injection pump in which the plunger may be easily lubricated whether handling fuel oil or gas- I oline, and in which the end of the plunger handling gasoline may be relieved to avoid seizure; a fuel injection system operable with precision and control at high engine speeds; a simpler and more rug ed cam and a simpler and cheaper spring to enact with the cam, to drive the pump plunger with precision at any engine speed, low or high;

a cam having the form of a multiple screw-' thread, providing broad surface contacts, and an air spring to coact with the cam in driving the plunger without danger of hysteresis and breakage at high speed; a fuel injection system in which the injection characteristic may be independent of engine speed, and one in which the nozzles may be of the simple orifice type; a fuel injection system in which the timing of the in.. jection may bereadily adjusted with or without changing the quantity of the charge; a fuel injection system capable of delivering identical amounts of fuel to the several cylinders, whether governed by variable stroke of the pump plunger of by the simpler method of throttling the supply of fuel to the pump; a fuel injection pump unit in which the fuel supply pump or the governor or both may be easily incorporated in the pump unit if desired.

These and other objects of the invention are 2 attained by constructions shown in the drawings in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a fuel pump unit;

Fig. 2 is an end view of the unit shown in Fig. 1;

v Fig. 3 is an elevation of the moving cam of Fig. 1 with part of the plunger;

Fig. 4 is a bottom view of the parts shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of another pump Q unit in which the'elements are inverted from those shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is an end view of the pump unit shown in Fig. 5; I

Fig. 7 is an elevation of the moving cam of Fig. 5, inverted;

Fig. 8 is a bottom view of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section thru a pump unit of the same inversion as that of Fig. l, with means for adjusting the timing of injection and for varying the stroke of the plunger t0 control the quantity of injection;

Fig. 10 is a section on the line Iii-l0 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a section on the line ii-ll of Fig. 9;

Figs. 12 and 13 are diagrammatic views illustrating the thread form of the cams used in the pump units.

Referring to Figs. 1-4, 13 and 12 of the drawings, the pump body is in-two parts, i5 and I B.

- Shaft 20 is supported in journal bearings 2! in the pump body. Shaft 20 may drive directly gear pump i1 having gears 21, which pump may serve as a fuel supply pump to furnish fuel to supply chamber 29 either thru a passage drilled in pump body l6 or thru an outside pipe to fuel inlet 28.

Drive gear 22 is keyed to drive shaft 20, and meshes with driven gear 23 journalled on sleeve 24 which is fixed in pump body l5 by nut 25. Integral with ear 23, lugs 33 mate with notches 43 in cam member 44, so that cam member 44 will turn with gear 23. Cam surfaces 45 on cam inder 36 which is received in pump body it and clamped in by cover i8 held to pump body it by body l5.

annexe screws Fa cking i9 seals fuel supply chamber 29 from gear and cam chamber 39, which latter must be supplied with lubricating oil.

' Cam surfaces 49 and 54 coact to move plunger 35 in one direction, while it is moved in the opposite direction by floating piston 42 operable in sleeve 24 either by a coil spring 4| or by air or gas, pressure fed into the chamber thru pressure inlet 40. The source of pressure may be one of thecylindersof the engine, feeding thru a check valve to inlet4ll.."

The head of plunger 35 is held in engagement with cam member 44 by piston 42, and plunger 35 rotates as it reciprocates,being keyed to cam member 44 by flats milled on its head engaging.

the slot in the raised portion of cam member 44 as shown at'3|,Figs.3 and 4. I

When plunger 35 is raised as shown in Fig. 1, fuel supply chamber 29 is in communication with pumping chamber 3| by groove 30 in plunger 35. Groove 30 also serves to distribute fuel pumped from chamber 31 ,to the severaljffueloutlet assages 32 and 34 to the several engine cylinders Operation is readily understood; Drive shaft 20 and gear 22 drive gear 23 whose lugs 33 engaging notches 43 of cam member 44, cause cam member 44 to rotate, cams 45 and 54 coacting with surface contacts to raise, oammemb'er' 44 and plunger 35 while they are rotating, until the ends of the ramps on cams 45 and 54 are reached,

the desired discharge passage 32 just as they elaborate controls for these adjustments could obviously be provided.

In the fuel pump illustratedin Figs. 1-4 and -9-11, the screw-thread cams lift the plunger on its suction stroke while injection is by spring pressure, independent of engine speed, promoting good starting and slow speed operation.

Some may prefer the inversion illustrated in Figs. -8 in which the suction stroke of plunger 85 is by spring action while injection is by cam action. The pump body is in two parts, 85 and 68. Shaft is keyed to drive gear meshing with driven gear '|2 journalled on the outside of fixed cam 85 which is centered on pin 51 held in pump body 55. Integral with gear 12, lugs I3 engage notches 14 in cam member 15, so that cam member 15 will turn with gear 12. Cam surfaces I8 on cam member I5 have the form of a. multiple screw-thread, and engage similar cam surfaces 8! on fixed cam member 86. Plunger 85 andcylinder 36 are similar to those of Figs. 1-4.

Cam surfaces 18 and 8'! coact'to move plunger- 85 in one direction, while it is moved in the oppositeL-direction by floating pistons 8| bearing on plate 82. Floating pistons 8| are'pressed against plate 82 by air or gas pressure entering. at 80 from one of the cylinders of the engine, feeding thru a check valve; alternately the air pressure may come from the starting air tanks or from any other convenient source. The head of plunger 85 is held in engagement with cam memshoulder of plunger 35 closes the inlet end of' groove 30 by passing supply chamber 29 to begin injection. Thus the combined reciprocation and rotation ofplunger 35 serves to pump and to distribute the fuel.

The surface contacts of cams and 54 make it possible for the cams to stand up in long service, the screw-thread form of the cams being much superior to any cams having point or line contacts. Similarly the air spring can operate at higher speeds than a metallic spring; no coil spring can return the plunger more than four or five thousand cycles per minute,'but no limit has yet been reached on the ability of the air spring to operate rapidly and with precision.

Control of the quantity of fuel injected at each stroke of plunger 35 can be had by throttling the supply of fuel to supply chamber 29; Adjustment of the timing of injection is made at the initial setting of fixed cam member 55 in pump More complete means for quantity control and timing adjustment are illustrated in Figs. 9, v10, and 11. Sleeve 55 threaded upon the outside of cylinder 36 may be rotated by rack 51 to adjust the length of stroke of cam member 44, tocontrol the ouantityv of fuel pumped per stroke by plunger 35,sleeve 56 presenting 8. variable a butment 58 receiving the inner face of cam member 440 1 its return stroke before engagernent'o ,theramps of cams 45 and 54. To adiust the timing of inject on. the rim. of cam ,55 may be notched as at .50 to engage the end of ad ustment screw 5| which may be locked by nut 52 to set cam 55 in desired timing adjustment. More her I5 by plate 82, and plunger 85 rotates as it reciprocates, being keyed to cam member by flats milled on its head engaging the slot in the raised portion of cam member 15 as shown at IT in Figs. 7 and 8. To avoid damage to the pump if driven in reverse. the ends of the screw-thread rampsv are preferably inclined, as shown at '19,

Figs. '7 and 8, and also in Figs. 12 and 13.

When plunger is raised by pistons 8| and plate 82, fuel supply chamber 29 can be in communication with pumping chamber 3| thru groove 38 in plunger 85. Plunger 85 is driven on its outward stroke by cams l8 and 81, and is shown in Fig. 5 at the end of its outward stroke. Operation is similar to that described for the pump of Figs. 1-4, except that it is reversed, the suction stroke being spring actuated and the injection stroke being cam driven,

Since a single plunger is used with identical action to serve the several cylinders of an engine, identical, delivery of fuel to the'several cylinders can be a sured, even if the fit' oi the plunger in its barrel should not be as perfect as usually demanded. Moreover, as shown in Fig. 1. lubricating oil in chamber 39, reouired to lubricate the ears and earns. can be led as thru'hol s 38 and 48 and groove 49, to lubricate plunger 35 in cylinder 36 to any desired de ree, making the pump adaptable to handle gasoline as well as fuel oil;

the pumping end of plunger 35 may be relieved slightly to prevent contact with barrel 35 when gasoline is being pumped.

There is'litt e or no tend ncy of the fuel to leak past plunger 35 into chamber 39 because chamber 29 is the fuel supp y chamber in which the fuel is never under high pressure. With spring injection, as in the pump of Figs. 1-4 and 9-11, it is well-known that only simple orifice nozzles are needed since the rate of inject on is independent of engine speed. Simplicity of the fuel pump together with simple orifice nozzles combine to form a clean and simple fuel injection system of low cost, possibly low enough to compete with thecarburetor on automobile engines.

auaera changes may be made in the construction and in,

the arrangement of the various parts without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.

I claim: i

1. In an oil injection pumpior an engine, a

pump plunger, a cylinder receiving said plunger,

pump plunger, a cylinder barrel receiving said,

plunger; and means for reciprocating said plunger in said barrel to inject oil into said engine, said means-including a pair of cam members coaxial with said plunger, one cam member normally fixed and the other cam member rotating and engaging said fixed cam member with surface contacts formed as parts of multiple screwthreads.-

2. In an oil injection pump for an engine, .a pump plunger, a cylinder barrel receiving said plunger. and means for reciprocating said plunger in said barrel to inject oil into said engine, said means including a pair of cam memberscoaxial with said plunger, one cam member normally fixed and the other cam member rotating and engaging said fixed cam 'member with surface contacts formed as parts of multiple screwthreads to move said plunger in one direction, and

spring means tending to maintain said cam members in engagement and operable to move said plunger inthe other direction.

3. In an oil injection pump for an engine, a pump plunger, 'a cylinder receiving said plunger, and means for reciprocating said plunger in said cylinder to inject oil into said engine; said means including a pair of cam members coaxial with said plunger, one cam member normally fixed and the other cam member rotating and engaging said fixed cam member with surface contacts formed as partsof multiple screw-threads, said surface" contacts symmetrically disposed about the axis of said plunger, and an air spring opposing the action of said cam members and comprising an expansible chamber enclosing air or gas under pressure.

4. In an oil injection pump for an engine, a

pump plunger, a, cylinder receiving said plunger,

and means for reciprocating and rotating said plunger in said cyl nder to inject oil into said engine and to distribute said oil to a series of parts of said engine during each revolution of and means for reciprocating and rotating said plunger in said cylinder to inject oil into said engine and to distribute said oil to a series of p rts of said engine during each revolution of said plunger, said means including a pair of cm members coaxial with said plunger, one cam member rotating with said plunger and the other normally fixed, said cam members engaging each other with surface contacts formed as parts of multiple screw-threads, said surface contacts symmetrically disposed about the axis of said plunger, and an air spring opposing the action of said cam members and comprising an expansible chamber enclosing air or gas under pressure. H 7. In an oil injection pump for an engine, a

pump; plunger, 9, cylinder barrel receiving said plunger, and means for reciprocating said plunger in said barrel to inject oil into said engine, said means including a pair of cam members coaxial with said plunger, one cam member normally fixed and the other cam member rotating and engaging said fixed cam member with surface contacts formed as parts of multiple screwthreads, and spring meanscomprising a piston and cylinder with air or gas pressure acting there- V with and tending to hold said cam members in engagement, said spring means driving said spring means comprising a piston and cylinder with air or gas pressure acting therewith and tending to hold said cam members in engagement, said cam members coactlng to drive said plunger on its pressure stroke to inject oil; and said spring means driving said plunger on its return or suction stroke.

9. In an oil injection pump for an engine, a pump plunger, a cylinder barrel receiving said plunger, and means for reciprocating said plunger said plunger, said means including a pair of cam members coaxial with said plunger one cam member rotating with said plunger and the other cam member normally fixed, said cam members engaging each other with surface contacts formed as parts of multiple screw-threads, said surface 'members coaxial with said plunger, one cam member normally fixed and the other cam member rotating with said plunger and engaging said fixed cam member with surface contacts formed as parts of multiple screw-threads, and spring means tending to maintain said cam members in contact with each other.

in said barrel to inject oil into said engine, said means including a pair of cam members coaxial with said plunger, one cam member normally fixed and the other cam member rotating and engaging said fixed cam member with surface contacts formed as parts of multiple screw-threads, and

means for varying the stroke of said plunger to control the quantity of oil delivered.

10. In an oil injection pump for an engine, a pump plunger, a cylinder barrel receiving said plunger, and means for reciprocating said plunger in said barrel to inject oil into said engine, said means including a pair of cam members coaxial with said plunger, one cam member normally fixed and the other cam member rotating and engaging said fixed canrmember with surface contacts formed as parts of multiple screwthreads, and an adjustable abutment coacting with said rotating cam member to vary the stroke of said plunger to control the quantity of oil delivered.

11. In an oil injection pumpfor an engine, a pump plunger, a cylinder barrel receiving said plunger, and means for reciprocating and ro- 7 tating said plunger in said barrel to inject oil into said engine and to distribute said oil to a series of parts of said engine during each revolution of said plunger, said means including a Pair of cam members coaxial with said plunger, one,

cam member normally fixed and the other cam member rotating with said plunger and engaging said rotating cam member to vary the stroke of said plunger to control the quantity or oil delivered. i p

12. In an oil injection pump for an engine, a

pump plunger, a cylinder receiving said plunger, and means for-reciprocating and rotating said plunger in said cylinder to inject oil into said engine and to distribute said oil to a series of parts of said engine during each revolution of said plunger, said means including a pair oi. cam members coaxial with said plunger, one cam member normally fixed and the other cam member rotating with said plunger and engaging said fixed cam member with surface contacts formed as parts of multiple screw-threads, in combination with an air spring comprising a cylinder and a piston floating therein and bearing against said plunger, means for adjusting said normally fixed cam member to adjust the timing of injection, and a movable abutment coacting with said rotating cam member to vary the stroke of said plunger to control the quantity of oil delivered.

13. In an injection pump for an engine, a

Pump plunger. a cylinder barrel receiving; said plunger, cam means iordriving said plunger on its -suction stroke, and spring means operable up-v on the release or said cam means for driving said plunger on its deliverystroke in an abruptmanner independent 01' the speed or said engine, said cam means coaxial withsaid plunger and com'-. prising a pair of r cam members one rctating with said plunger. and theother normally fixed, said cam membersengaging each other with surface contacts as numerous as the number of Number Name Date 2,104,590 Hill Jan. 4, 1938 857,221 v Anderson et al. June 18, 1907 1,649,356 Louis Nov. 15, 1927 1,765,289 I Steenstrup June 17,1930 1,791,600 Quions Feb. 10, 1931 2,060,076 High Nov. 10, 1986 2,070,203 Gregg Feb. 9, 1937 2,083,020 High Jun 8, 1937 9 2,083,021 High June 8, 1937 2,145,379 Vogelei et al, Jan. 31, 1939 2,279,740 Matteson Apr. 14, 1942 2,286,928 Pipkin, Jr June 16, 1942 2,361,399 High Oct. 31, 1944 of plunger per revolution I f v mum minor.

nnrnasncns cum The: following references are of record in-the file or this patent: I

cycles of operation thereof. 

